Africa has witnessed numerous human rights abuses and violations throughout its history, including under colonialism and during the post-independence period. However, in recent years, significant efforts have been to strengthen and protect human rights and democracy on the continent. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, adopted in 1981, was a pivotal moment in African human rights and democracy, providing a framework for the protection and promotion of human rights based on the principles of democracy, social justice, and human dignity. The charter recognizes civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, which are essential for the enjoyment of a…

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